Civil War in United States

Civil War in United States Although the debate regarding the cause of American civil war in the19th century is still ragging, many people still believe that slavery is the major cause of the civil war, which occurred between 1861 and 1865. In the early 19th century, the main issue that threatened the unity of the North and the South was slavery. While the North prohibited slavery, the South permitted it, thus perpetuating slavery of African Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Civil War in United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this view, the North and the South gradually differed on the issue of slavery, which culminated to the civil war between the two divides, which broke out in 1861. In 1861, the vice president of the South Alexander Stephens in his speech stated that, â€Å"our foundation are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the Negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery, subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition† (Berkin, Carol, Miller, Cherny, Gormly, Egerton, and Woestman 317). From his speech, it is evident that slavery was a great issue that caused the civil war between the North and the South. Therefore, this essay argues if it was not for the civil war, the United States would have become half-slave and half-free. What differentiated the North from the South is the institution of slavery. Since the early 19th century, while the Northern states continued to eradicate slavery, the Southern states continued to institutionalize it. Thus, when the Southern states saw that the Northern states do not support slavery, they started agitating for secession. According to Berlin, Carol, Miller, Cherny, Gormly, Egerton, and Woestman, a number of delegates met in South Carolina in 1860 and â€Å"voted unanimously to dissolve their ties with the United States† to protect abolition of slavery in their jurisdiction (315). The secession ma rked the institutionalization of slavery in the South. With institutionalized slavery, the Southern states did not allow African Americans to serve in the Confederate army because they had feared that they might utilize firearms to gain power over the whites they were slaves. Given that African Americans outnumbered the whites in Southern states, there was a possibility of them using their firearms against their masters. Hence, secession coupled with slavery did set the stage for the civil war. Institutionalized slavery in the Southern states became the source of conflict between the Northern states and Southern states. The South continued to expand its territory by recruiting other states to join it with the view of overpowering the North.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the North felt threatened by the South, it started recruiting African Americans into its army so tha t it can fight and overpower the increasing power of the Southern states in expanding its territories. During slavery, the Northern states provided a haven for the African Americans, hence, great number of slaves from the Southern states sought refuge in the Northern states where they gained freedom and fight back. Taking advantage of the large number of slaves who sought refuge, the Northern states recruited them in the Union army and used them in fighting during the civil war. In 1862, Abraham Lincoln passed legislation that allowed the African Americans to participate in the Union army, thus enhancing the power of the North over the South (Nolen 118). Therefore, the increase in the number of African Americans who sought refuge in Northern states and their recruitment in the Union army did pave the way for fall of slavery and integration of the North and the South as the United States of America, which provides freedom to everybody. Hence, without the civil war, the South would no t have agreed to grant freedom and equal rights to African Americans by abolishing slavery. References Berkin, Carol, Christopher Miller, Robert Cherny, James Gormly, Douglas Egerton, and Kelly Woestman. Making America: A History of the United States. New York: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Nolen, Claude. African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War, and Reconstruction.  New York: McFarland, 2005. Print.

Qesem Cave - Middle and Lower Paleolithic Site in Israel

Qesem Cave - Middle and Lower Paleolithic Site in Israel Qesem cave is a karst cave located on the lower, western slopes of the Judean Hills in Israel, 90 meters above the sea level and about 12 kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea. The caves known limits are approximately 200 square meters (~20x15 meters and ~10 meters high), although there are several partly visible passages which have yet to be excavated. Hominid occupation of the cave has been documented in a 7.5-8 meter-thick layer of sediment, divided into an Upper Sequence (~4 meters thick) and a Lower Sequence (~3.5 meters thick). Both sequences are believed to be associated with the Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC), which in the Levant is transitional between the Acheulean period of the late Lower Paleolithic and the Mousterian of the early Middle Paleolithic. The stone tool assemblage at Qesem Cave is dominated by blades and shaped blades, called the Amudian industry, with a small percentage of Quina scraper-dominated Yabrudian industry. A few Acheulean hand axes were found sporadically throughout the sequence. Faunal material discovered in the cave exhibited a good state of preservation, and included fallow deer, auroch, horse, wild pig, tortoise, and red deer. Cutmarks on the bones suggest butchery and marrow extraction; the selection of bones within the cave suggest that the animals were field-butchered, with only specific parts returned to the cave where they were consumed. These, and the presence of blade technology, are early examples of modern human behaviors. Qesem Cave Chronology Qesem Caves stratigraphy has been dated by Uranium-Thorium (U-Th) series on speleothermsnatural cave deposits such as stalagmites and stalactites, and, at Qesem Cave, calcite flowstone and pool deposits. Dates from the speleotherms are from in situ samples, although not all of them are clearly associated with the human occupations. Speleotherm U/Th dates recorded within the top 4 meters of the cave deposits range between 320,000 and 245,000 years ago. A speleotherm crust at 470-480 cm below the surface returned a date of 300,000 years ago. Based on similar sites in the region, and these suite of dates, the excavators believe that occupation of the cave began as long ago as 420,000 years ago. Acheulo-Yabrudian Cultural Complex (AYCC) sites such as Tabun Cave, Jamal Cave and Zuttiyeh in Israel and Yabrud I and Hummal Cave in Syria also contain date ranges between 420,000-225,000 years ago, fitting with the data from Qesem. Sometime between 220,000 and 194,000 years ago, Qesem cave was abandoned. Note (Jan 2011): Ran Barkai, director of the Qesem Cave Project at Tel Aviv University, reports that a paper to be submitted for publication soon provides dates on burnt flints and animal teeth within the archaeological sediments. Faunal Assemblage Animals represented at Qesem cave include approximately 10,000 microvertebrate remains, including reptiles (there are an abundance of chameleons), birds, and micromammals such as shrews. Human Remains at Qesem Cave Human remains found within the cave are restricted to teeth, found in three different contexts, but all within the AYCC of the late Lower Paleolithic period. A total of eight teeth were found, six permanent teeth and two deciduous teeth, probably representing at least six different individuals. All of the permanent teeth are mandibular teeth, containing some traits of Neanderthal affinities and some suggesting a similarity to hominids from Skhul/Qafzeh caves. Qesems excavators are convinced that the teeth are Anatomically Modern Human. Archaeological Excavations at Qesem Cave Qesem Cave was discovered in 2000, during road construction, when the caves ceiling was almost entirely removed. Two brief salvage excavations were conducted by the Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University and the Israel Antiquities Authority; those studies identified the 7.5 meter sequence, and the presence of AYCC. Planned field seasons were conducted between 2004 and 2009, led by Tel Aviv University. Sources See Tel Aviv Universitys Qesem Cave Project for additional information. See page two for a list of resources used in this article. Sources See Tel Aviv Universitys Qesem Cave Project for additional information. This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Barkai R, Gopher A, Lauritzen SE, and Frumkin A. 2003. Uranium series dates from Qesem Cave, Israel, and the end of the Lower Palaeolithic. Nature 423(6943):977-979. doi:10.1038/nature01718 Boaretto E, Barkai R, Gopher A, Berna F, Kubik PW, and Weiner S. 2009. Specialized Flint Procurement Strategies for Hand Axes, Scrapers and Blades in the Late Lower Paleolithic: A 10Be Study at Qesem Cave, Israel. Human Evolution 24(1):1-12. Frumkin A, Karkanas P, Bar-Matthews M, Barkai R, Gopher A, Shahack-Gross R, and Vaks A. 2009. Gravitational deformations and fillings of aging caves: The example of Qesem karst system, Israel. Geomorphology 106(1-2):154-164. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.018 Gopher A, Ayalon A, Bar-Matthews M, Barkai R, Frumkin A, Karkanas P, and Shahack-Gross R. 2010. The chronology of the late Lower Paleolithic in the Levant based on U-Th ages of speleothems from Qesem Cave, Israel. Quaternary Geochronology 5(6):644-656. doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.03.003 Gopher A, Barkai R, Shimelmitz R, Khalaily M, Lemorini C, Heshkovitz I, and Stiner MC. 2005. Qesem Cave: An Amudian Site in Central Israel. Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society 35:69-92. Hershkovitz I, Smith P, Sarig R, Quam R, Rodrà ­guez L, Garcà ­a R, Arsuaga JL, Barkai R, and Gopher A. 2010. Middle Pleistocene dental remains from Qesem Cave (Israel). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144(4):575-592. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21446 Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, Ayalon A, Bar-Matthews M, Barkai R, Frumkin AG, Avi , and Stiner MC. 2007. Evidence for habitual use of fire at the end of the Lower Paleolithic: Site-formation processes at Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Human Evolution 53(2):197-212. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.002 Lemorini C, Stiner MC, Gopher A, Shimelmitz R, and Barkai R. 2006. Use-wear analysis of an Amudian laminar assemblage from the Acheuleo-Yabrudian of Qesem Cave, Israel. Journal of Archaeological Science 33(7):921-934. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2005.10.019 Maul LC, Smith KT, Barkai R, Barash A, Karkanas P, Shahack-Gross R, and Gopher A. 2011. Microfaunal remains at Middle Pleistocene Qesem Cave, Israel: Preliminary results on small vertebrates, environment and biostratigraphy. Journal of Human Evolution 60(4):464-480. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.015 Verri G, Barkai R, Bordeanu C, Gopher A, Hass M, Kaufman A, Kubik P, Montanari E, Paul M, Ronen A et al. 2004. Flint mining in prehistory recorded by in situ-produced cosmogenic 10Be. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(21):7880-7884.

Gender and Sexuality Terms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender and Sexuality Terms - Assignment Example ription of sexuality and the behaviors aligned with included;- asexuality which was referred to as the lack of interest to anyone of either gender or lack of sexual interest or activity. This further gave rise to a more detailed explanation with the terms heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual taking the new role in describing the new traits. There has been intensified research that has been aimed at explaining the relationship between Sociological, psychological and biological aspects that lead to the above behaviors. Whereas heterosexual is the attraction to the opposite gender, homosexual refers to attraction to the same gender and bisexual the sexual attraction to both males and females. The research and detailed analysis of the biological aspects has given rise to new terms in the field. The newest are demisexual and pansexual and they are discussed as they relate to gender and sexuality. Pansexual is the new term that is used to refer to individuals who are attracted to individuals of both genders. It is used alternatively with the term polysexual. Katz stated that ‘the new terms are used to explain the upcoming behaviors in the gender and sexuality field and to try and establish the relationship between the aspects that lead to the hotly debated trends like homosexuality’ (23). Whereas many scientists claim that there is no link between biology and the behaviors that one usually exhibit, research has shown a significant correlation between the two and they are almost totally convinced that there is a relationship between the two. This is happening as more queer and LGBT people are seeking to have acceptance in the society which is proving somehow rigid to the new trends and behaviors. On the other hand demisexuals are persons who are only attracted to a person sexually after they become deeply emotionally or romantically connected. This should not be confused with the deliberate abstaining from sexual approaches. Demisexuals have been explained as those

Funding for Military Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Funding for Military Psychology - Essay Example It does not come as a surprise that â€Å"700,000 children in America† have one of their parents â€Å"deployed to a war zone†. Being deployed in such a demanding profession requires great physical, mental and psychological strength. The relevance of military psychology becomes clearly expressed, and it transpires that government should provide maximum possible funds in order to support military psychology. The military profession requires the people involved to stay fit and healthy throughout their course of service, so they have to undergo severe training in order to meet the demands of the same. The training given in military comprises basic training, and other high endurance exercises and programs that are formulated with an aim to keep the personnel highly competent and fit in all terms. Along with the physical competence rendered to the troops through training, they acquire other skill sets and important qualities such as courage, tactics, etc. Different types of training need to be provided for the troops, which would make them competent to face â€Å"diverse missions, including counter-terrorism, asymmetric threats, traditional threats, reconstruction, and humanitarian assistance missions†. Highly integrated training programs that incorporate a mix of different technologies are being developed in order to prepare the soldiers for the same, and one such training program is â€Å"Live Virtual and Constructive (LVC) training†.... Highly integrated training programs that incorporate a mix of different technologies are being developed in order to prepare the soldiers for the same, and one such training program is â€Å"Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) training† that engages the troops in interactive virtual settings, which replicate real life scenarios (1). Other training programs involve â€Å"Map Exercise (MAPEX), Tactical Engagement Simulation Exercise (TESEX), Command Post Exercise (CPX), Field Training Exercise (FTX),† etc. (â€Å"Basic Standards† 49). In addition to such diversified programs, the physical training that military personnel have to undergo in order to hone their combat skills are even more tough and require high levels of stamina and mental strength. Therefore, such arduous training is bound to put the troops under excessive stress, which at times they might not be able to cope with. In such cases, not only does the training fail to achieve its purpose; furthermore, it forces the military personnel to lose their sense of psychological balance. As a result, they will be unable to perform well in the warfare phases, thus putting in risk the country and the citizens. In addition to the troops being unfit to face the real world missions and jeopardizing the safety of the ones they were meant to protect, the negative results occurring due to stress caused by training further extend to other phases. For instance, it is known that the government spends a significant amount of funds in order to support such technology. So when it gives rise to negative implications, it transpires that all the â€Å"considerable effort and expense† that went behind creating and delivering such â€Å"high quality graphical, audio and haptic sensory stimuli† has gone to waste (Rizzo et al. 1).

Teaching Reading in the Content Areas of History Article

Teaching Reading in the Content Areas of History - Article Example Student-teacher collaboration and cooperation is essential in understanding the relevance and significance of historical events. Students should be encouraged to use their analytical and logical reasoning while reading history. While lectures and tutorials have their respective importance in conveying theoretical knowledge; yet visual aids and tools enhance the comprehension level of students. Reading is the first and the foremost way of communication between teachers and students. Reading opens the avenues of knowledge for the students, with or without the guidance of teachers. One of the main aims of reading is to understand and process the information and teachers can make reading either fun or boring experience for the students. Reading has a unique significance in the context areas of history. Historical evidence and the hierarchy of events are represented to the readers in their text books in a number of ways. Pictorial, graphical, and illustrative aspects of history text books make the subject matter appealing to the students. However, interactive reading can have multiple benefits in enhancing the levels of comprehension. A number of scholarly articles and publications have been reviewed in this research paper, in order to study the implications of interactive reading particularly in the context areas of history.... Reading should be made an innovative experience for the students and visual tools like charts, props, book marks, sticky notes and paper-plate dials help make reading a fun and interesting experience. Discussion and documentation are also important in reciprocal teaching because students learn through each others’ points of views and keep a record of whatever they have learnt for future reference. Teachers have three primary responsibilities during a reciprocal teaching session: Before reading, activate prior knowledge of words or ideas students will encounter during reading.During reading, monitor, guide, and encourage individuals or groups in their use of Fab Four. After reading, encourage student reflection and ask students to share which strategy helped them the most and why. (Stricklin, 2011) 2. Working with Materials rather than Memorizing Facts ‘I can do this: Revelations on teaching with historical evidence’ explores the common approach in teaching history , which is memorizing dates and facts; but history students need more than that. They need excitement and passion in order to learn about history and comprehend the significance of events. By having students work with materials rather than memorizing parts of the text book, by having students understand and participate in the process of historical thought, and by having a system to analyze student’s historical work, a type of learning where students are engaged in historical inquiry holds great promise for the future teaching of the discipline. (Burenheide, 2007, p.60) 3. Handling PowerPoint Wisely The article ‘Ban the Bullet-Point! Content-Based PowerPoint for Historians’ reveals how PowerPoint can act as a great or a worse tool in classrooms. Maxwell

Strategic and operations management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic and operations management - Assignment Example This is one of the leading companies in the world with building materials. This company is however based in Ireland (Diana, 2013). It is important to highlight that CRH is quite focussed and takes into consideration every business hitch and utilizes it for the better. The company realized the factors that lead to the business and noted keenly with a lot of concern that for the company to excel, the price that is charged on the various commodities should be relatively cheap and affordable that favours a large number of people. It is also important to highlight the other factors that the company considered; the quality of services that are offered. This is the overall view, perception as well as experience that the customers get after consuming the products. The value that the customer attaches to the product offered and how the interact with the persons providing the service depicts the quality as either high or low quality (Diana, 2013). The company being ranked as one of the top leading companies in the world in terms of the provision of the building materials, it is important to highlight that the company had to strategize and develop ways to meet the large demand for the products that they offer. This therefore means that the company had to be more reliable and accountable in terms of productivity. This also led to the company establishing smaller markets and enterprises within due to the variations in the legal issues in different parts of the world. This was in the essence that the company had consequently known that micro-markets enhance the successful business performance (Diana, 2013). In the realization of the tight as well as the difficult market environment, it is important to highlight that CRH developed strategies for the successful operations. These strategies were with certain key elements as they are well explained and clearly discussed below: It is also important

Impact of culture on online consumer purchase decision Thesis Proposal

Impact of culture on online consumer purchase decision - Thesis Proposal Example The present research has identified that the advent of the internet in the business has significantly transformed the business. Organizations are making constant efforts to win the customer on multiple channels. Immense literature has been developed to explore the impact of different factors on the consumer purchase decision. The increasing role of the internet has led the researchers to explore the factors that play an effective role in driving consumer to transact online. Culture as a factor has received limited attention. Hence, the problem statement for this proposed study is an exploration of the role of culture on the whole in affecting the consumer purchase decision while making an online transaction. The aim of the study refers to the central idea around which the entire study revolves. With this definition at work, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of culture on the purchase decision of the consumer while making an online transaction. With this aim, following objectives are planned to be achieved: In the light of a specific definition of the culture, identification of a specific set of factors that determine the culture. Â  Exploration of the impact of culture on consumer decision-making process. Exploration of the difference in consumer decision making process in online and offline transaction. Exploration of different factors of culture on the online consumer decision making process.